Diastolic dysfunction in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as determined by automated border detection.

Diastolic dysfunction is an early harbinger for systolic dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). To determine the role of automated border detection (ABD) in detecting diastolic abnormalities and whether IDDM control correlates with abnormalities, 21 young IDDM patients (22 +/- 4 years old) and 19 control subjects underwent echocardiography. ABD indices included the percent contribution to total left ventricular filling of the three phases of diastole (rapid filling, diastasis, and atrial contraction) and peak filling rate. Doppler indices included E/A ratio and peak filling rate. Rapid filling phase was lower in the IDDM patients compared with control subjects (73% +/- 5% versus 80% +/- 5%, p = 0.0006), and atrial contraction filling was higher (19% +/- 4% versus 14% +/- 3%, p = 0.0003). Doppler indexes showed similar changes. Glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin dosage, and duration of IDDM since puberty were associated with filling abnormalities. Young patients with IDDM have increased atrial contraction and reduced rapid filling phases detected by automatic border detection, and these diastolic abnormalities are related to the diabetic disease process.