Contrast-enhanced MR angiography: theory and optimization.

It is now possible to perform contrast arteriography safely and rapidly by taking advantage of gadolinium contrast agents and three-dimensional MR imaging. Although the development of this approach to arteriography is in its infancy, the image quality already rivals conventional arteriography. As we continue to develop this technique by taking advantage of more pulse sequence tricks, improving hardware, and improving contrast agents, the field of vascular imaging will undoubtedly be transformed. This article discusses the fundamental concepts underlying this approach to angiography.