Fluid therapy. Crystalloids and colloids.

Appropriate fluid therapy requires an understanding of fluid dynamics and pathologic alterations during various disease states. In addition, it requires an understanding of the pharmacologic differences of available fluids. Crystalloid fluids and colloid fluids can be used in combination to treat a variety of volume-deficient states. Synthetic colloids are also used to treat hyponcotic states. Blood products are used to replace blood components and coagulation proteins. Frequent monitoring and reassessment are required to prevent volume overload and life-threatening edema.