Methodological ponderings related to the power as knowing participation in change tool.

Based on 15 years of research using the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool, the authors summarize tool development, including reliability and validity, and discuss specific methodological issues and insights. These include clarity of instructions and complexity of language used in the PKPCT along with response set, norms, and sensitivity of the instrument to detect differences between groups. Problems of linear measurement are discussed along with the appropriateness of both qualitative and quantitative methods of studying power from the view of the science of unitary human beings. Recommendations for further psychometric studies of power are proposed.