OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and mean oscillated flow rate (VOSC) during high-frequency chest compression (HFCC) in normal subjects and patients with severe COPD. DESIGN: Comparative study. SETTING: Pulmonary function and lung mechanics laboratory, University of Alberta Hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Six normal subjects (five male; one female) and six patients with clinically stable COPD (five male; one female) with hypercapnia. INTERVENTIONS: A pneumatic vest system was operated at 10 Hz with a mean chest wall pressure of 16 cm H2O to provide the HFCC. A closed-circuit spirometer system permitted measurement of HFCC- and PEEP-induced changes in EELV that were expressed as per cent baseline functional residual capacity (FRC). An isothermic chamber connected near the mouthpiece permitted measurement of VOSC. RESULTS: For the normal subjects, HFCC caused a significant decrease in EELV to 82.0% of FRC (p < or = 0.01) and the addition of 4.8+/-0.5 cm H2O of PEEP during HFCC increased EELV to 97.5% FRC. In the COPD patients, HFCC decreased EELV to 92.3% of FRC (p < or = 0.01), and the addition of 3.7+/-1.0 cm H2O of PEEP increased EELV to 98.4% FRC. For the normal subjects, increasing EELV to near FRC caused VOSC during expiration to increase 14.6% (p < or = 0.01), but there was no significant effect on VOSC during inspiration (5.1% increase). In the COPD patients, PEEP increased VOSC during both inspiration (30.5%) and expiration (57.0%) (both, p < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of a modest amount of PEEP during HFCC prevents the decrease in EELV and increases VOSC during both phases of spontaneous breathing in COPD patients. This higher VOSC during HFCC+PEEP may improve the effectiveness of HFCC in clearing mucus from the lungs of patients with airway disease.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and mean oscillated flow rate (VOSC) during high-frequency chest compression (HFCC) in normal subjects and patients with severe COPD. DESIGN: Comparative study. SETTING: Pulmonary function and lung mechanics laboratory, University of Alberta Hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Six normal subjects (five male; one female) and six patients with clinically stable COPD (five male; one female) with hypercapnia. INTERVENTIONS: A pneumatic vest system was operated at 10 Hz with a mean chest wall pressure of 16 cm H2O to provide the HFCC. A closed-circuit spirometer system permitted measurement of HFCC- and PEEP-induced changes in EELV that were expressed as per cent baseline functional residual capacity (FRC). An isothermic chamber connected near the mouthpiece permitted measurement of VOSC. RESULTS: For the normal subjects, HFCC caused a significant decrease in EELV to 82.0% of FRC (p < or = 0.01) and the addition of 4.8+/-0.5 cm H2O of PEEP during HFCC increased EELV to 97.5% FRC. In the COPDpatients, HFCC decreased EELV to 92.3% of FRC (p < or = 0.01), and the addition of 3.7+/-1.0 cm H2O of PEEP increased EELV to 98.4% FRC. For the normal subjects, increasing EELV to near FRC caused VOSC during expiration to increase 14.6% (p < or = 0.01), but there was no significant effect on VOSC during inspiration (5.1% increase). In the COPDpatients, PEEP increased VOSC during both inspiration (30.5%) and expiration (57.0%) (both, p < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of a modest amount of PEEP during HFCC prevents the decrease in EELV and increases VOSC during both phases of spontaneous breathing in COPDpatients. This higher VOSC during HFCC+PEEP may improve the effectiveness of HFCC in clearing mucus from the lungs of patients with airway disease.