Fundamental laser-tissue interactions.

Pulsed xenon chloride excimer and holmium laser-tissue interaction is primarily based on tissue water vaporization. Consequently, each ablative laser pulse produces a rapidly expanding and imploding vapour bubble in blood or the target tissue. In experimental studies, explosive water vaporization is the major mechanical cause of observed tissue dissections. By reduction of the induced bubble volume, a reduction in experimentally and clinically observed dissections after coronary excimer laser angioplasty is to be expected. This reduction of mechanical damage, however, in combination with efficient and substantial plaque debulking is the major challenge in the development of laser angioplasty.