Dependency and self-criticism as predictors of depression in young doctors.

Brief measures of depression and of dependency and self-criticism, personality factors believed to convey vulnerability to depression, were administered to 318 medical students. Depression was subsequently measured 2 years later (in the highly stressful 1st postgraduate year) and 10 years later when careers were established. When initial symptom levels and concurrent workload were controlled, dependency and, more particularly, self-criticism were significant predictors of depression for male doctors in the 1st postgraduate year. For female doctors, self-criticism was the only significant predictor. Ten years later, the predictive effects for male doctors were similar, but rather weaker, whereas none of the variables predicted depression in female doctors. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed.