Persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis of varicella with oral aciclovir in the family setting.

The persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis against varicella using oral aciclovir was evaluated in the family setting. Sixty one of 78 recipients of oral aciclovir were assessed by questionnaire, and 13 of 61 were evaluated for serum antibody to varicella zoster virus (VZV) using the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen method. The observation period ranged from 33 to 50 months. None of those (n = 44) who had initially seroconverted to VZV after aciclovir prophylaxis developed breakthrough varicella. All 13 who had serology repeated still had titres > or = 4. Antibody titres in those who had histories of re-exposure to the virus were significantly higher than in those who had not (p < 0.01).