ATP and UTP activate calcium-mobilizing P2U-like receptors and act synergistically with interleukin-1 to stimulate prostaglandin E2 release from human rheumatoid synovial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To pharmacologically and functionally characterize calcium-mobilizing purine receptors on adherent human rheumatoid synovial cells.
METHODS: Fura-2-loaded synovial cells were screened for changes in cytosolic calcium concentration after the addition of purine receptor agonists. Release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The effect of IL-1 prestimulation on purine-mediated PGE2 release was determined.
RESULTS: ATP (1-100 microM) and UTP (1-100 microM), but not 2-methylthio-ATP or adenosine, stimulated mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores in synovial cells. ATP and UTP stimulated a small, but significant, increase in PG release from resting synoviocytes and a dramatic increase in PG release from synoviocytes prestimulated with recombinant human IL-1alpha. Neither ATP nor UTP stimulated synoviocyte release of IL-1 as measured by specific ELISA. The effects of ATP and UTP on PG secretion were mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and thapsigargin, and blocked by BAPTA buffering of cytosolic calcium.
CONCLUSION: Adherent human rheumatoid synovial cells mobilize intracellular calcium via a P2U-like purine receptor. P2U receptor agonists stimulate PGE2 release from synoviocytes, an effect that is greatly enhanced by IL-1alpha prestimulation and blocked by intracellular calcium buffering.