Improving orientation in head injured adults by repeated practice, multi-sensory input and peer participation.

The efficacy of using antecedent control procedures (practice, multi-sensory input and peer participation) in facilitating orientation to person, place and time with two survivors of traumatic brain injuries were tested in two studies. In the first investigation, a 23-year-old male was treated by presenting the orientation questions orally while being shown questions on written flashcards. Results suggest that correct responses to orientation questions only occurred when flashcards were coupled with oral questioning. The participant responded correctly to nearly 100% of all orientation questions within 2 weeks of initiating flashcards. In the second study, a 19-year-old male was asked to respond in writing to 20 orientation questions in a small group. The group had a leader and 4 TBI patients. Following this, group members who correctly answered the orientation questions, took turns reading orientation questions and providing the correct responses.