OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to genetically characterize dual infection in individuals demonstrating a dual serological profile. METHODS: All subjects were first evaluated by immunoblot for antibody reactivity to the major viral antigens for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Sera were judged to be dual-seropositive if they reacted with strong and equal intensity with the envelope antigens of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and were confirmed with type-specific recombinant env peptides. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify proviral gag and env sequence from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA from HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected individuals. Positive amplification was detected after Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: Plasmid dilution and mixing showed equivalent sensitivity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 primers that was not altered by heterologous target sequences. The DNA PCR showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for detection of monotypic HIV infection. Serologically defined HIV-dual reactives were evaluated by this assay, with 100% detection in female sex workers (21 out of 21), but only 38.5% detection (five out of 13) in hospitalized patients; all being HIV-1 positive only. The lack of HIV-2 proviral signal was significantly correlated with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts (Pvalue = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HIV dual infection may not be a static condition. Levels of HIV-2 may decrease with disease progression or sequester in tissue reservoirs; our results may also suggest that HIV-1 effectively overgrows HIV-2 in the dually exposed host individual.
OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to genetically characterize dual infection in individuals demonstrating a dual serological profile. METHODS: All subjects were first evaluated by immunoblot for antibody reactivity to the major viral antigens for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Sera were judged to be dual-seropositive if they reacted with strong and equal intensity with the envelope antigens of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and were confirmed with type-specific recombinant env peptides. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify proviral gag and env sequence from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA from HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected individuals. Positive amplification was detected after Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: Plasmid dilution and mixing showed equivalent sensitivity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 primers that was not altered by heterologous target sequences. The DNA PCR showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for detection of monotypic HIV infection. Serologically defined HIV-dual reactives were evaluated by this assay, with 100% detection in female sex workers (21 out of 21), but only 38.5% detection (five out of 13) in hospitalized patients; all being HIV-1 positive only. The lack of HIV-2 proviral signal was significantly correlated with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts (Pvalue = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HIV dual infection may not be a static condition. Levels of HIV-2 may decrease with disease progression or sequester in tissue reservoirs; our results may also suggest that HIV-1 effectively overgrows HIV-2 in the dually exposed host individual.
Authors: J H Humphrey; K J Nathoo; J W Hargrove; P J Iliff; K E Mutasa; L H Moulton; H Chidawanyika; L C Malaba; L S Zijenah; P Zvandasara; R Ntozini; C D Zunguza; B J Ward Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2007-01-12 Impact factor: 2.451
Authors: K Sturm-Ramirez; H Brumblay; K Diop; A Guèye-Ndiaye; J L Sankalé; I Thior; I N'Doye; C C Hsieh; S Mboup; P J Kanki Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2000-01 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: E G Kokkotou; J L Sankale; I Mani; A Gueye-Ndiaye; D Schwartz; M E Essex; S Mboup; P J Kanki Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2000-06-06 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Dana N Raugi; Geoffrey S Gottlieb; Papa S Sow; Macoumba Toure; Fatima Sall; Awa Gaye; Ibra N'doye; Nancy B Kiviat; Stephen E Hawes Journal: AIDS Date: 2013-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177