[The role of gravitational force in the evolution of living systems (the biomechanical and energy aspects)].

Possible pathways of the origin and development of adaptive mechanisms in the living systems of various levels of organization are considered from the positions of biomechanics and bioenergetics. Main attention is paid to the specific feature of functional rearrangements in the living organisms during change of habitat, at the stage of their exit from water to land. The following problems of interaction between the living systems and gravity during evolution are discussed: cellular level of organization and transition to multicellularity, formation and improvement of the skeletal and skeletal-motor systems in plants and animals, and thermal homeostasis of the living organisms in the gravity field. We showed a leading role of gravity in organization of the morphofunctional status of the living organisms during their evolution.