Attachment of Helicobacter pylori strains to human epithelial cells.

The aim of the study was to characterize several clinical isolates of H. pylori as regards the activity and specificity of their haemagglutinins and the involvement of surface sialic acid-specific and heparin-binding compounds in the adhesin of the bacteria to human epithelial cell lines. Although H. pylori strains caused haemagglutination (HA) of sheep erythrocytes, they differed markedly by activity and specificity. On the basis of haemagglutination inhibition study three types of H. pylori strains could be distinguished. The HA of Type I strains was inhibited with fetuin/mucin but not asialofetuin/asialomucin. The HA activity of Type II strains was inhibited with fetuin/mucin and asialofetuin/asialomucin. The HA of Type III strains was not influenced by any of these inhibitors. In vitro, H. pylori strains bound to the cells of human epithelial lines: HeLa, Kato-3, Ags. However, various compounds mediated the binding of H. pylori types distinguished by HA, to epithelial cells. The interaction of some of H. pylori strains with epithelial cells was mediated by bacterial sialic acid-binding compounds. The majority of H. pylori strains used heparin-binding surface compounds to attach to epithelial cells. Clinical H. pylori strains differ by the compounds used in adhesin to epithelial cell lines, however, this process also depends on the expression of appropriate receptors on the host cells.