The National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative.

Rigorously developed clinical practice guidelines have the potential to change practice patterns to obtain improved patient outcomes. Toward that end, in March 1995 the National Kidney Foundation initiated the Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative, a comprehensive effort to create literature-based clinical practice guidelines in nephrology. Independent interdisciplinary work groups reviewed the available body of scientific literature on the following topics: hemodialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis adequacy, vascular access, and anemia. More than 11,000 papers were identified; of these approximately 1500 were found to be relevant, requiring formal structured review. Work groups formulated draft guidelines with supporting rationales that included the evidentiary basis for the recommendations. The draft guidelines were subjected to an unprecedented three-stage review process that involved more than 50 organizations from the renal community, including end-stage renal disease networks, patients dialysis providers, managed care organizations, and government. The finalized guidelines were issued in September 1997. Planned guideline implementation activities will focus on achieving the following: cooperation from the renal community; education of patients, clinicians, policy makers, and dialysis providers; information system tools to facilitate adoption of the guidelines; and evaluation strategies to determine whether practice patterns and outcome goals are achieved.