Invasive Aspergillus sinusitis during bone marrow transplantation.

Aspergillus sinusitis is usually a lethal condition in bone marrow transplanted patients. We report the case of a patient known to have a sinus infection with Aspergillus flavus before treatment with allogenic bone marrow transplantation for a refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. Exacerbation of the sinusitis during the neutropenic period required a multidisciplinary approach. Cure was achieved after treatment with a combination of surgery (Caldwell-Luc procedure), long term ABCD (amphotericin B colloidal dispersion) therapy (7 months) and granulocyte transfusions during the period preceding engraftment. The use of granulocyte transfusion in this salvage setting is discussed. Aggressive multimodality management of aspergillus sinusitis in immunosuppressed patients may lead to a cure and might not preclude allogenic transplantation.