Antioxidant properties of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: a proposed addition to organ storage fluids.

Glutathione (GSH) depletion adversely affects the survival of organ grafts. Supplementation of commercial organ preservation solutions with GSH is complicated by the ease of oxidation of its thiol group and its ability to act as a pro-oxidant under certain conditions. Alternative sulphur-containing compounds such as S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) can reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury, possibly by acting as glutathione precursors, and are effective when added to preservation solutions. Although the antioxidant properties of GSH are known in some detail, there is little information on the ability of SAM to interact directly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This work compares the interaction of SAM and GSH with several ROS which may be formed during ischaemia-reperfusion. In a variety of lipid peroxidation systems, SAM and GSH had little effect except at high concentrations (5 mM) where they became pro-oxidant. Scavenging of O2.- by both species was slow. SAM was less effective than GSH at preventing damage by peroxynitrite or HOCl. In contrast, SAM was more effective than GSH in scavenging hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and in chelating iron ions to inhibit .OH generation. Unlike GSH, SAM did not stimulate .OH formation at low concentrations. The beneficial effects of SAM in preservation solutions could therefore include direct radical scavenging as well as acting as a precursor for intracellular GSH.