The influence of cell surface properties of thermophilic streptococci on attachment to stainless steel.

The quality of milk products is threatened by the formation of biofilms of thermophilic streptococci on the internal surfaces of plate heat exchangers used in milk processing. Although attachment to stainless steel surfaces is one of the first stages in the development of a biofilm, the mechanisms involved in attachment have not been reported. The cell surface properties of 12 strains of thermophilic streptococci were examined to determine their importance in attachment to stainless steel surfaces. Hydrophobicity, extracellular polysaccharide production and cell surface charge varied between the different strains but could not be related to numbers attaching. Treating the cells with sodium metaperiodate, lysozyme or trichloroacetic acid to disrupt cell surface polysaccharide had no effect on attachment. Treatment with trypsin or sodium dodecyl sulphate to remove cell surface proteins resulted in a 100-fold reduction in the number of bacteria attaching. This result suggests that the surface proteins of the thermophilic streptococci are important in their attachment to stainless steel.