Pb-induced alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat brain.

Our previous studies have shown that exposure to low levels of Pb results in significant reductions in dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (3,4-dihyroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC and homovanillic acid, HVA) in nucleus acumbens (NA). This area of brain receives dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmentum and is considered vital in manifestation of many behavioral responses. Similarly, basal and K(+)-induced release of DA was found significantly reduced in the Pb-exposed rats as compared to the controls in this brain region. Additional studies indicated that acute infusion of Pb in nucleus acumbens caused significant release of DA. Based on these observations it was postulated that the reductions in DA contents and in the basal and stimulus-induced release of DA in NA were manifestations of attenuated dopaminergic activity in this brain region. However, the mechanism of this attenuation is not yet clear. Studies reported here were designed to evaluate the role of a key regulatory enzyme in biosynthesis of DA, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in Pb-induced reductions in dopaminergic activity. The results of these studies indicated that 50 and 500 ppm Pb produced 22.8 and 56% inhibition of TH activity in vitro respectively, and that the enzyme activity was reduced to 43% in rats exposed to 50 ppm lead for 30 days as compared to the controls. The alterations in TH activity in Pb-exposed animals were further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Collectively, these results suggest that Pb-induced inhibition of TH activity in rat brain may contribute to the reductions in dopaminergic activity observed in Pb-exposed animals.