The advancement of high-dose chemotherapy and dose intensification schedules.

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer--one woman in 12 will have breast cancer at some stage during her life. Early-stage breast cancer is often curable; however, the prognosis is much worse in patients with multiple lymph node involvement or metastatic disease. The overall survival at five years is approximately 60% in women with positive lymph nodes, decreasing to 27%-44% when more than 10 lymph nodes are involved. After metastatic relapse, the mainstay of treatment is palliative. However, recent advances in supportive care have facilitated investigation into the use of dose-intensive chemotherapy regimens. The advancement of high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer and results from clinical trials in both metastatic disease and the adjuvant setting are reviewed here. The true benefit of high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer continues to be investigated. It is hoped that the results of worldwide, randomised clinical trials, due within the next three to five years, will provide a clearer indication of the value of high-dose chemotherapy, its costs and the patients whom it will benefit most.