An electromyographic technique for small animals.

An improved technique is proposed to record electromyographic (EMG) signals. The technique includes anesthesia with isofluothane and twisted bipolar electrodes that are glued with a sugar solution to longitudinally grinded hypodermic needles. The advantages of the technique are (1) minimal damage to the muscles; (2) removal of the injection needle with ease after insertion into the muscle; (3) the electrodes can be soldered onto the connector prior to the experiment; and (4) quick recovery of the animal. The technique is especially advantageous for EMG experiments with small animals.