Transcriptional regulation of the Escherichia coli oxyR gene as a function of cell growth.

The oxyR regulon plays a central role in the defense of Escherichia coli against the endogenous oxidative damage associated with active aerobic growth. Here we have studied the transcriptional regulation of oxyR in E. coli growing aerobically in rich medium. Expression of a single-copy oxyR'::lacZ reporter construct varied sixfold along the growth curve, with the highest value at 4 to 6 h of growth (approximately 14 x 10(8) cells x ml(-1)). Direct measurements of oxyR mRNA by primer extension showed the same biphasic expression but with a peak somewhat earlier in cell growth (2 to 3 h; approximately 3.5 x 10(8) cells x ml(-1)). The results of immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that the level of OxyR protein exhibits the same biphasic expression. Mutant strains lacking adenylate cyclase (cya) or Crp protein (crp) failed to increase oxyR expression during exponential growth. On the other hand, an rpoS mutation allowed oxyR expression to continue increasing as the cells entered stationary phase. Consistent with a biological role for increased levels of OxyR during exponential growth, the crp cya strain had lower activities of catalase hydroperoxidase I and glutathione reductase and an increased sensitivity to exogenously added hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the Crp-dependent upregulation of oxyR in exponential phase is a component of a multistep strategy to counteract endogenous oxidative stress in actively growing E. coli cells.