The impact of psychosocial and clinical variables on duration of inpatient treatment for depression.

The duration of psychiatric hospital stays becomes increasingly important as economic pressures on medicine mount. Psychiatric hospitals, in particular, search for ways to cut costs without sacrificing efficiency. There is no doubt that clinical depression is one of the most important cost factors in psychiatry. Former studies have concentrated mainly on the influence of clinical variables such as the severity or subtype of depression on the length of stay (LOS). However, it can also be assumed that life situations or psychosocial variables in general might influence LOS. Data from 736 admissions between January 1983 and 1991 with a diagnosis of depression were examined to test the hypothesis that psychosocial and clinical variables influence LOS. Results showed a significant influence of age, marital status and gender, as well as severity and type of depression, on duration of inpatient treatment. Age, female gender, being widowed or divorced, the diagnosis of "endogenous depression" and severity were all associated with longer LOS. There was an interaction of gender, marital status and perceived loneliness, as well as an interaction of severity of depression with gender, both of which were associated with LOS.