Volatile cardioplegia: fast normothermic cardiac arrest induction and recovery with halothane in isolated rat hearts.

To study the effect of halothane as a cardioplegic agent, ten Wistar rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation and their hearts were perfused in a Langendorff system with Krebs-Henseleit solution (36 degrees C; 90 cm H2O pressure). After a 15-min period for stabilization the control values for heart rate, force(T), dT/dt and coronary flow were recorded and a halothane-enriched solution (same temperature and pressure) was perfused until cardiac arrest was obtained. The same Krebs-Henseleit solution was reperfused again and the parameters studied were recorded after 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. Cardiac arrest occurred in all hearts during the first two min of perfusion with halothane-bubbled solution. One minute after reperfusion without halothane, the following parameters reported in terms of control values were obtained: 90.5% of control heart rate(266.9 +/- 43.4 to 231.5 +/- 71.0 bpm), 20.2% of the force (1.83 +/- 0.28 to 0.37 +/- 0.25 g), 19.8% of dT/dt (46.0 +/- 7.0 to 9.3 +/- 6.0 g/s) and 90.8% of coronary flow (9.9 +/- 1.5 to 9.4 +/- 1.5 ml/min). After 3 min of perfusion they changed to 99.0% heart rate (261.0 +/- 48.2), 98.9% force (1.81 +/- 0.33), 98.6 dT/dt (45.0 +/- 8.2) and 94.8% coronary flow (9.3 +/- 1.4). At 5 min 100.8% (267.0 +/- 40.6) heart rate, 105.0% (1.92 +/- 0.29) force and 104.4% (48.2 +/- 7.2) dT/dt were recorded and maintained without significant differences (P > 0.01) until the end of the experiment. These data demonstrate that volatile cardioplegia with halothane is an effective technique for fast induction of and prompt recovery from normothermic cardiac arrest of the rat heart.