OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the adult outcome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a very prevalent childhood disorder that is known to affect deleteriously academic performance and other areas of child functioning. This study represents a third wave of evaluations that examine the long-term educational achievement and occupational rank of children with ADHD. METHOD: This is a prospective follow-up of white boys of average intelligence whose ADHD was clinically diagnosed according to systematic criteria at an average age of 7 years. Follow-up intervals range from 15 to 21 years (mean, 17 years). At average age 24 years, 85 probands (representing 82% of the childhood cohort) and 73 controls (84%) were directly interviewed by trained clinicians who were blind to group membership. RESULTS: First, probands completed significantly less formal schooling than controls (about 2 years less, on average). Second, probands had lower-ranking occupational positions than controls. Finally, these disadvantages were not accounted for by adult mental status. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that childhood ADHD predisposes to specific disadvantages and continues to affect important functional domains unrelated to current psychiatric diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the adult outcome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a very prevalent childhood disorder that is known to affect deleteriously academic performance and other areas of child functioning. This study represents a third wave of evaluations that examine the long-term educational achievement and occupational rank of children with ADHD. METHOD: This is a prospective follow-up of white boys of average intelligence whose ADHD was clinically diagnosed according to systematic criteria at an average age of 7 years. Follow-up intervals range from 15 to 21 years (mean, 17 years). At average age 24 years, 85 probands (representing 82% of the childhood cohort) and 73 controls (84%) were directly interviewed by trained clinicians who were blind to group membership. RESULTS: First, probands completed significantly less formal schooling than controls (about 2 years less, on average). Second, probands had lower-ranking occupational positions than controls. Finally, these disadvantages were not accounted for by adult mental status. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that childhood ADHD predisposes to specific disadvantages and continues to affect important functional domains unrelated to current psychiatric diagnosis.
Authors: María A Ramos-Olazagasti; Francisco Xavier Castellanos; Salvatore Mannuzza; Rachel G Klein Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2018-06-18 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: C J Vaidya; G Austin; G Kirkorian; H W Ridlehuber; J E Desmond; G H Glover; J D Gabrieli Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1998-11-24 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ana O Fagundes; Giselli Scaini; Patricia M Santos; Monique U Sachet; Nayara M Bernhardt; Gislaine T Rezin; Samira S Valvassori; Patrícia F Schuck; João Quevedo; Emilio L Streck Journal: Neurochem Res Date: 2009-09-24 Impact factor: 3.996