Peripheral blood from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients displays diminished T cell generation capacity.

An organ culture chimera system was used to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on the T cell-generation capacity of precursors derived from human peripheral blood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected patients and uninfected controls were placed on fetal thymus lobes of NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice. Blood from the HIV-1-infected patients consistently produced fewer CD4 and CD8 cells compared with blood from controls (P < .01). Addition of zidovudine to the cultures did not alter this profile. Limit dilution experiments suggested that there were fewer functional precursors in the infected patients. These results were not dependent on the patient's level of peripheral CD4 cells; even samples from patients with normal CD4 cell counts were unable to generate T cells in organ cultures. The results are consistent with a loss in the capacity of HIV-1-infected patients to produce functional T cell progenitors in their peripheral blood.