The role of radiologic methods in assessing body composition and related metabolic parameters.

The measurement of body composition and related metabolic parameters has become an important issue in clinical nutrition. Numerous techniques to assess visceral fat, which is strongly associated with metabolic disorders, have been developed. Other techniques focus mainly on the measurement of specific body components related to metabolic disturbances. This paper reviews methods that directly assess body composition and associated metabolic parameters. The principles of these methods and their accuracy, reproducibility and safety, as well as the clinical implications of their use, are discussed. Recent studies have documented the safety and efficacy of radiologic methods of assessing visceral fat, muscle mass, and morphology to obtain body composition data related to metabolic disturbances. Because these techniques have been documented to be safe and effective, clinicians should consider using them in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with various conditions.