Kinetics of specific immunoglobulin A, M and G production in the duodenal and caecal mucosa of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella.

The development and appearance of antibody was studied in the intestine and serum from histocompatible GB1 chickens orally infected with oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (restricted to the duodenum) or Eimeria tenella (restricted to the caeca). The local immune response was measured as the specific antibody levels in the supernatants of intestinal fragments (duodenum and caecum) maintained in culture for 16 h at 41 degrees C, 5% CO2, 95% air. Specific IgM was detected 1 week after E. acervulina infection, and the specific IgA and IgG contents of the duodenum and caecum were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) after 2 weeks. The intestinal specific IgG content was raised. E. tenella infection resulted in specific IgA only in the parasitized area during the second week post-infection (P < 0.05). Specific IgM and IgG were both detected in the duodenum and caecum, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks p.i. Production of parasite-specific immunoglobulins was always significantly higher in the parasitized than in the unparasitized areas (caeca for E. acervulina, duodenum for E. tenella). This ex vivo culture assay of intestinal fragments used to measure the mucosal immune response of intestinal areas showed a significant production of specific IgA and IgM. In addition, high levels of IgG were also measured. The role of this specific IgG in Eimeria infection remains to be determined.