Interactions of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine with a Kv1.5-type potassium channel cloned from human heart.

The use of nonsedating antihistamines may, on rare occasions, be associated with cardiac arrhythmias. This could be due to blockade of voltage-dependent K+ channels in the heart, leading to a prolongation in repolarization in the human myocardium. For this reason, we examined the effects of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine on a rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K+ channel (Kv1.5) cloned from human heart and stably expressed in HEK 293 cells or mouse Ltk- cells. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that loratadine blocked Kv1.5 current measured from inside-out membrane patches at concentrations of > or = 100 nM, resulting in an IC50 value of 808 nM at +50 mV. The drug enhanced the rate of Kv1.5 current decay, and block was enhanced at membrane potentials near threshold relative to higher potentials. Loratadine did not alter the kinetics of Kv1.5 current activation or deactivation. Unitary Kv1.5 currents were recorded in cell-attached patches. At the single-channel level, the main effect of loratadine was to reduce the mean probability of opening of Kv1.5. This effect of loratadine was achieved by a reduced number of openings in bursts and burst duration. Finally, loratadine (10 microM) failed to inhibit HERG K+ channel currents expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. It is concluded that loratadine is an effective blocker of Kv1.5 that interacts with an activated state or states of the channel. This interaction suggests a potential for loratadine to alter cardiac excitability in vivo.