Reflex influences on renal nerve activity characteristics in nephrosis and heart failure.

Cardiac baroreflex regulation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) is abnormal in nephrotic syndrome (NS). The purpose of the present study was to examine the responses of amplitude and frequency of synchronized ERSNA discharge in anesthetized NS rats subjected to reflex maneuvers that alter the activity of and the interaction between aortic and cardiac baroreceptors. Steady-state ERSNA was analyzed in three groups of anesthetized rats: control, NS, and congestive heart failure (CHF) (in the latter, the defect in cardiac baroreflex regulation of ERSNA is peripheral rather than central). In protocol A, analysis was performed during control, after bilateral aortic depressor nerve section, after bilateral cervical vagus nerve section, and during central vagus nerve stimulation (VAGSTIM). In protocol B, analysis was performed during control, after bilateral cervical vagus nerve section, after bilateral aortic depressor nerve section, and during central aortic depressor nerve stimulation. In protocol A, VAGSTIM decreased ERSNA and peak height (fewer active fibers), but not peak frequency, in control and CHF but not NS rats. In NS rats, this lack of effect of VAGSTIM was specific for ERSNA, because depressor and bradycardia responses to VAGSTIM were unaffected. In protocol B, central aortic depressor nerve stimulation decreased ERSNA and peak height, but not peak frequency, in control, CHF, and NS rats similarly. It is concluded that the defect in cardiac baroreflex function in NS is specific for ERSNA, is central rather than peripheral, and affects the number of active renal sympathetic nerve fibers rather than their firing frequency.