Helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern Africa.

Helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern Africa. The helminths of a black rhinoceros from the Republic of South Africa and one from Namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. Probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. A recently described nematode, Diceronema versterae, was found in the stomach of one animal. Draschia megastoma was present in the descending colon of the same animal, but it was twice the size of similar specimens reported from equids and the typical granulomatous lesions caused by this nematode in horses were not observed. New records of other helminths from rhinoceroses include Parabronema roundi, Kiluluma sp., Kiluluma goodeyi, Kiluluma magna, Khalilia rhinocerotis, Oxyuris karamoja and Anoplocephala gigantea. The stomach bot, Gyrostigma pavesii, was collected from one black and one white rhinoceros. Ticks collected from the black rhinoceroses were Amblyomma hebraeum, Dermacentor rhinocerinus, Rhipicephalus maculatus, Rhipicephalus muehlensi and Haemaphysalis silacea. The two white rhinoceroses were infected with A. hebraeum, D. rhinocerinus, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus simus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis.