Complications of sinus perforations and their management in endodontics.

The intimate position of the maxillary sinus to the apices of teeth creates problems if periapical inflammation occurs. This can lead to a perforation into the sinus and cause sinusitis. Persistent and complicated situations that do not respond after nonsurgical root canal treatment demand a suitable surgical therapy. Knowledge of the specific anatomic conditions, an adequate diagnosis, and an appropriate surgical procedure facilitate success rates that are comparable with those obtained in other regions, even in unfavorable initial conditions.