Principles of endodontic microsurgery.

With bright illumination and magnification under the operating microscope, and addition of many microinstruments, endodontic surgery has become microsurgery. The microsurgical approaches allow the clinicians to perform endodontic surgery with smaller osteotomies, shallow bevels, preparation of isthmuses, examination of resected root surfaces, retropreparation in line with root canal, and precise placement of new filling materials. This article illustrates the advantages of microsurgery in endodontics.