Limb lengthening in Turner syndrome.

We report the results and complications of eight consecutive patients who underwent bilateral tibial lengthenings for dwarfism associated with Turner syndrome. Lengthening was performed via distraction osteogenesis with monolateral external fixation. Tibias were lengthened an average distance of 9.2 centimeters or 33 percent of the original tibial length. The average total treatment time was 268 days. The overall complication rate was 169 percent for each tibia lengthened and each segment required an average of 1.7 additional procedures. Seven cases (44 percent) required Achilles tendon lengthening and nine cases (56 percent) developed angulation before or after fixator removal; six of these segments required corrective osteotomy for axial malalignment. Two cases (12.5 percent) developed distraction site nonunion and required plating and bone grafting. From this series we conclude that tibial lengthening via distraction osteogenesis can be used to treat disproportionate short stature in patients with Turner syndrome. However, the benefit of a cosmetic increase in height may not compensate for the high complication rate. Efforts to determine the psychosocial and functional benefits of limb lengthening in patients with short stature is necessary to determine the true cost-benefit ratio of this procedure.