Statistical evaluation of Monson's sphere in healthy permanent dentitions in man.

The three-dimensional curvature of the mandibular dental arch was studied in 20 men and 20 women with sound dentitions and free from temporomandibular joint problems. The x, y, z coordinates of cusp tips of all but the third molars were obtained with a three-dimensional digitizer, and used to derive a spherical model of the curvature of the occlusal surfaces. From the best interpolating sphere the radii of the left and right curves of Spee (quasi-sagittal plane) and of the canine and molar curves of Wilson (frontal plane) were computed. The occlusal curvature of the mandibular arch was not significantly influenced by gender, even if, on average, all the computed variables were larger in men than women. The radii of the overall sphere, right and left curves of Spee, and curve of Wilson in the molar area were about 105 mm in men, and about 100 mm in women. A relatively large intrasample variability in arch curvature was found. The mean sphere radius in men was very close to the classical value of 4 in, confirming Monson's observations, but the relatively large intrasample variability prevented any definitive determination of a sexual dimorphism in the three- dimensional characteristics of occlusal curvature.