The future of dental amalgam: a review of the literature. Part 6: Possible harmful effects of mercury from dental amalgam.

This is the sixth article in a series of seven on the future of dental amalgam. It considers the possible toxic and allergic effects which could occur as a result of exposure to mercury from dental amalgam. The main toxic effects covered are neurotoxicity, kidney dysfunction, reduced immunocompetence, effects on the oral and intestinal bacterial flora, fetal and birth effects and effects on general health. The relevant studies in all these areas are described and extensively discussed. In addition, the possible development of hypersensitivity to mercury from amalgam is described and the production of delayed hypersensitivity contact reactions on the skin and mucous membrane, including lichenoid lesions, are considered.