Blood transfusion and bone allografts. Effect on infection and outcome.

Intraoperative and postoperative blood replacement have been implicated in increased rates of wound infection, decreased rates of renal allograft transplant rejection, and increased rates of local recurrence and metastasis of certain kinds of tumors, all presumably on the basis of some alteration in the immune system. Because patients who have bone allograft surgery for tumors often require transfusion and because the procedure is associated with a high rate of failure (20%), infection (9%-10%), and local recurrence (10% for high grade tumors), the effect of transfusion (range, 0-4750 ml) was studied for 264 patients who had proximal humeral, proximal or distal femoral resections, and massive cadaveric allografts but who did not have adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. An attempt was made to statistically correlate the tumor and allograft outcome and rate of infection with patient age and gender, anatomic site, diagnosis, stage, type of graft, number of subsequent procedures, surgical margins, perioperative transfusions, blood loss, duration of operative procedures, and number of pregnancies. Of the variables studied, only blood loss, transfusion, and duration of surgery had an effect on outcome and, more specifically, on infection rate and time to union. No effect was observed on metastasis, recurrence, or the ultimate outcome of the procedure.