BACKGROUND: In order to investigate whether an earlier reported association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and urinary organ malformations could be confirmed, a study was made using Swedish health registries. METHODS: Infants with kidney malformations (n = 483) and infants with other urinary organ malformations with no primary involvement of the kidney(s) (n = 719) were selected among 1117021 infants born 1983-1993 with known smoking exposure in early pregnancy. RESULTS: A moderate statistically significant association between maternal smoking and kidney malformations was found (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.00-1.48). With the exception of genetic renal polycystic disease, the main subgroups of kidney malformations showed similar OR. For other urinary organ malformations, no association with smoking could be detected (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79-1.11). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and kidney malformations. No obvious confounders were detected but further work is needed before a causal inference can be made.
BACKGROUND: In order to investigate whether an earlier reported association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and urinary organ malformations could be confirmed, a study was made using Swedish health registries. METHODS:Infants with kidney malformations (n = 483) and infants with other urinary organ malformations with no primary involvement of the kidney(s) (n = 719) were selected among 1117021 infants born 1983-1993 with known smoking exposure in early pregnancy. RESULTS: A moderate statistically significant association between maternal smoking and kidney malformations was found (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.00-1.48). With the exception of genetic renal polycystic disease, the main subgroups of kidney malformations showed similar OR. For other urinary organ malformations, no association with smoking could be detected (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79-1.11). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and kidney malformations. No obvious confounders were detected but further work is needed before a causal inference can be made.
Authors: Gillian Ormond; Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen; Paul Nelson; Mireille B Toledano; Nina Iszatt; Sara Geneletti; Paul Elliott Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-11-20 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Wieslaw Jedrychowski; Ivona Bendkowska; Elzbieta Flak; Agnieszka Penar; Ryszard Jacek; Irena Kaim; John D Spengler; David Camann; Frederica P Perera Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2004-10 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Devasuda Anblagan; Nia W Jones; Carolyn Costigan; Alexander J J Parker; Kirsty Allcock; Rosanne Aleong; Lucy H Coyne; Ruta Deshpande; Nick Raine-Fenning; George Bugg; Neil Roberts; Zdenka Pausova; Tomáš Paus; Penny A Gowland Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-07-03 Impact factor: 3.240