Hippocrates and urology: the first surgical subspecialty.

Hippocrates, who is generally considered a focal point for the start of western medical tradition, left behind a corpus of medical writings that constituted the first recorded comprehensive health system. The pivotal point of the Hippocratic corpus was the Hippocratic Oath, which outlined the duties of healers of his school, but demarcated lithotomy as a practice that was off limits to his fellow physicians. Surgery for bladder stone, urology in essence, was thus the first specifically identified surgical subspecialty.