Reassessing medical students' willingness to treat HIV-infected patients.

BACKGROUND: Past research has demonstrated that some physicians do not feel obligated to care for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study sought to characterize the attitudes that affect medical students' willingness to treat HIV-infected patients and to determine which attitudes are most amenable to intervention.
METHOD: All 414 matriculating medical students at three Chicago schools were surveyed in 1994. After reliability-testing the attitudinal scales, the authors created a predictive model by using multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 297 (72%) of the matriculating students responded. Ninety-two percent of the students agreed that patients with HIV would be welcome in their medical practices. As in past studies, a strong sense of professional obligation was associated with willingness to treat, and fear of infection and homophobia were associated with decreased willingness to treat. The authors' measure of concern about social stigma was also associated with decreased willingness. Together, these factors accounted for 53% of the variance in the Willingness to Treat scale.
CONCLUSION: In addition to confirming the predictors found in previous studies, this study demonstrated that perceived social stigma is a measurable predictor of decreased willingness to treat (with the understanding that willingness to treat is influenced by both personal and social factors). A comprehensive approach, not only in curriculum design but also in admission and policy, might better prepare students to treat HIV-infected patients.