Systematic nonlinearities in the memory representation of time.

The representation of time was investigated by testing rats with intervals that changed by 2 s across trials. In Experiment 1, 2 ranges (20-150 s, 30-160 s; n = 10 rats per group) were examined. The times at which response bursts occurred (start time) were approximately proportional to interval durations. However, systematic departures from linearity were observed. Nonlinearities were related to the absolute duration of intervals, rather than to durations relative to the range. In Experiment 2, 660-s trials were inserted into the sequence of intervals (10-140 s, n = 20). Start and end times of response bursts were approximately proportional to intervals, but nonlinearities in start and end times were correlated, indicating that the source of nonlinearity was in the memory representation of time rather than in a decision process. These results indicate that the representation of time is nonlinearly related to physical time.