End-to-side neurorrhaphy resulting in limited sensory axonal regeneration in a rat model.

This study evaluated reinnervation of an end-to-side neurorrhaphy and the resultant functional recovery in a rat model. The cut distal posterior tibial nerve was repaired to the side of an intact peroneal nerve. In one group, the epineurium of the peroneal nerve was left intact; in another group, the epineurium was stripped; in the third experimental group, a perineurial slit was created. Evaluations included walking track analysis, nerve conduction studies, muscle mass measurements, retrograde nerve tracing, and histologic evaluation. Walking tracks indicated poor functional recovery. No significant difference in nerve conduction between the experimental and control groups was seen. Gastrocnemius muscle mass measurements revealed no functional recovery in the end-to-side groups. Retrograde nerve tracing revealed minimal staining of motor neurons. However, sensory neuronal staining of the dorsal root ganglia occurred in all groups. Histology revealed minimal myelinated axonal regeneration. These results suggest that predominantly sensory neural regeneration occurs in an end-to-side neurorrhaphy at an end point of 16 weeks.