Effect of calcitonin on calcium transport by the luminal and basolateral membranes of the rabbit nephron.

In the rabbit, calcitonin has been shown to enhance calcium (Ca2+) reabsorption in the early distal tubule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of this action, using isolated luminal and basolateral membranes of distal tubules. The tubule suspensions were preincubated in the presence or absence of 10(-7) M calcitonin. The luminal or basolateral membranes were subsequently purified and 45Ca transport through the vesicles was measured using the rapid filtration technique. Results were compared with those obtained from proximal tubule membranes. In the proximal tubules, calcitonin had no effect on Ca2+ uptake by luminal membranes. In the distal tubules, the presence of Na+ in the incubation medium strongly decreased the uptake of Ca2+ by luminal membranes. Preincubation of distal tubules with calcitonin partially restored this uptake. We previously reported a dual kinetics of Ca2+ uptake by the distal luminal membranes. Calcitonin enhanced Ca2+ transport by the low affinity component, increasing the Vmax and leaving the K(m) unchanged. Renal calcitonin receptors usually couple to both adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. To determine through which messenger(s) calcitonin enhances Ca2+ transport by the distal tubules, we first confirmed that the hormone stimulates cAMP and IP3 release. Incubation of the distal tubules with 10(-7) M calcitonin significantly increased both messengers. In contrast, calcitonin did not influence the IP3 nor the cAMP content of proximal tubules. Therefore, we studied the actions of cAMP and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) on Ca2+ transport by the distal luminal membranes. Incubation of distal tubule suspensions with dibutyryl cAMP significantly increased Ca2+ uptake by the luminal membranes. However, incubation of these tubules with various concentrations of PMA (10 nM, 100 nM and 1 microM) had no effect on this uptake. Calcitonin also influenced Ca2+ transport by the distal basolateral membrane. Incubation of distal tubule suspensions with 10(-7) M calcitonin activated the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity, almost doubling the Na+ dependent Ca2+ uptake. Here again this action was mimicked by cAMP. We conclude that calcitonin increases Ca2+ transport by the distal tubule through two mechanisms: the opening of low affinity Ca2+ channels in the luminal membrane and the stimulation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in the basolateral membrane, both actions depending on the activation of adenylate cyclase.