Mechanistic studies of the translational elongation cycle in mammalian mitochondria.

Polyclonal antibodies have been prepared against both components of the bovine liver mitochondrial translational elongation factor Tu and Ts complex (EF-Tu x Ts(mt)). The antibodies against EF-Tu(mt) cross-react somewhat with Escherichia coli EF-Tu and wheat germ EF-1alpha. The antibodies against EF-Ts(mt) cross-react little, if at all, with E. coli EF-Ts or with EF-Ts from Euglena gracilis chloroplasts. These polyclonal antibodies have been used to investigate the relative amounts of EF-Tu(mt) and EF-Ts(mt) in bovine liver mitochondria and in cultured cells. The results of this analysis suggest that there is a 1:1 ratio of EF-Tu(mt) to EF-Ts(mt) in mammalian mitochondria. Intermediate complexes formed during the elongation cycle of protein synthesis in bovine liver mitochondria have also been investigated. The EF-Tu x Ts(mt) complex is quite resistant to dissociation by guanine nucleotides. This complex will, however, dissociate in the presence of GTP and Phe-tRNA resulting in the formation of a ternary complex comparable to that observed in prokaryotes. Kinetic data suggest that the use of the ternary complex in chain elongation increases the rate of Phe-tRNA binding to ribosomes, suggesting that it is a true intermediate in the elongation cycle. Sucrose gradient analysis indicates that the binding of EF-Tu(mt) to ribosomes can be detected in the presence of Phe-tRNA and a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP. These results suggest that, in contrast to previous thinking, the basic features of the elongation cycle in mammalian mitochondria are quite similar to those in prokaryotes.