Motivation to quit using substances among individuals with schizophrenia: implications for a motivation-based treatment model.

Although the motivation to quit using substances is an important prognostic and treatment-matching factor in substance abuse treatment, there is limited information on motivation to quit among individuals with schizophrenia. This study used the five-stages-of-change model to evaluate the motivational levels of 497 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in an outpatient mental health clinic. Rates of substance abuse, motivation levels to quit each specific substance, and correlates to motivational levels were evaluated. At least one substance use disorder was diagnosed in 224 of the subjects (45%); however, there was significant variability among the caseloads of the outpatient division teams. The patients in the triage/acute services and community outreach teams had substance abuse rates of about 70 percent. Most subjects had low motivation to quit substances, and the rates varied according to substance (range of 41% for opiates to 60% for cocaine). Treatment-matching strategies are suggested in the motivation-based treatment model.