Exploring a life history of HIV disease and self-caring: Alfredo's story.

Alfredo's story is part of a larger phenomenological study of nursing, self care, and HIV disease that incorporated the anthropological tradition of reconstructing a life-story in the person's own words. This exemplar emphasizes Alfredo's shifts perspective organized around three turnings, or shifts in perspective, which are illustrated with narrative text and discussed. The three turnings include becoming HIV-infected, becoming a positive force, and reclaiming self. Implications for nursing include the importance of story telling in life history, the value of knowing the patient as a person, the positive impact of negative events, and the educational impact of a paradigm case.