The potential role of autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Transfer of disease by bone marrow cells has been described in experimental models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In one experiment, marrow ablation followed by transfer of T depleted allogeneic marrow resulted in prolonged survival of animals with SLE. Some experimental studies suggest a rationale for autologous stem cell transplantation indicating this intervention might "reset the thermostat" so that normal immunoregulation can control disease, while others indicate it might not be beneficial. The pros and cons of offering patients with SLE autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are considered. A profile of the patient with SLE who might be considered as a candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation can be constructed by evaluating causes of death and factors that increase mortality. This profile includes life threatening disease, inadequate response to aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, and adequate function of all major organs so that risks associated with stem cell transplantation can be minimized.