Diagnosis and management of diving accidents.

Humans experience significant physiological stresses while diving, which can result in disease on occasion. With the increasing popularity of sports diving, it is critical that both physicians and divers be aware of the spectrum of illness associated with diving. An overview of common diving-related disorders is presented. After a brief discussion of relevant physics principles, the clinical presentation of ear and sinus squeeze is covered along with preventive strategies and treatment. This is followed by a discussion of the pathophysiology, clinical settings, and manifestations of pulmonary barotrauma along with a review of the pathophysiology and presentation of decompression illness. Initial emergency measures and referral procedures for decompression related disorders are addressed. A brief discussion of recompression therapy is included.