OBJECTIVE: To examine socio-demographic HIV prevalence patterns and trends among childbearing women in Zambia. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional surveys. METHODS: Personal interviews and unlinked anonymous testing of blood samples of women attending antenatal care in selected areas. RESULTS: The 1994 data includes information from 27 areas and a total of 11,517 women. The HIV prevalence among urban residents appeared with moderate variation at a very high level (range 25-32%, comparing provinces). The geographical variation was more prominent in rural populations (range 8-16%) and was approximately half the prevalence level of the urban populations. With the exception of the 15-19 years age-group, HIV infection was found to rise sharply with increasing educational attainment (odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 2.6-3.8) when contrasting extreme educational levels. Although the assessment of trends is somewhat restricted, the available information indicates stable prevalence levels in most populations over the last 2-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed extremely high HIV prevalence levels among childbearing women. Longer time-intervals between surveys are needed, however, in order to verify the stability in prevalence identified by this study. The tendency to changing differentials by social status is suggested as a possible sign of an ongoing process of significant behavioural change.
OBJECTIVE: To examine socio-demographic HIV prevalence patterns and trends among childbearing women in Zambia. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional surveys. METHODS: Personal interviews and unlinked anonymous testing of blood samples of women attending antenatal care in selected areas. RESULTS: The 1994 data includes information from 27 areas and a total of 11,517 women. The HIV prevalence among urban residents appeared with moderate variation at a very high level (range 25-32%, comparing provinces). The geographical variation was more prominent in rural populations (range 8-16%) and was approximately half the prevalence level of the urban populations. With the exception of the 15-19 years age-group, HIV infection was found to rise sharply with increasing educational attainment (odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 2.6-3.8) when contrasting extreme educational levels. Although the assessment of trends is somewhat restricted, the available information indicates stable prevalence levels in most populations over the last 2-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The data showed extremely high HIV prevalence levels among childbearing women. Longer time-intervals between surveys are needed, however, in order to verify the stability in prevalence identified by this study. The tendency to changing differentials by social status is suggested as a possible sign of an ongoing process of significant behavioural change.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa; Africa South Of The Sahara; Age Factors--women; Cross Sectional Analysis; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Diseases; Eastern Africa; Economic Factors; Educational Status--women; English Speaking Africa; Hiv Infections--women; Measurement; Population; Population Characteristics; Pregnant Women; Prevalence--changes; Research Methodology; Research Report; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Viral Diseases; Zambia
Authors: Mark Lurie; Paul Pronyk; Emily de Moor; Adele Heyer; Guy de Bruyn; Helen Struthers; James McIntyre; Glenda Gray; Edmore Marinda; Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch; Neil Martinson Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2008-04-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Sharon Kapambwe; Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe; Meridith Blevins; Mulindi H Mwanahamuntu; Victor Mudenda; Bryan E Shepherd; Carla J Chibwesha; Krista S Pfaendler; Michael L Hicks; Sten H Vermund; Jeffrey S A Stringer; Groesbeck P Parham Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2015-09-01 Impact factor: 3.731