Basic demographic and professional characteristics of US women physicians.

Women physicians are a rapidly growing percentage of the physician population in the United States; yet, their fundamental characteristics and largely unknown. The Women Physicians' Health Study is the first large, national study of US women physicians, comprising a random sample (n = 4,501 respondents) of women physicians aged 30 to 70. Data from the Women Physicians' Health Study showed that African-American and Latina or Hispanic physicians were underrepresented, and Asian-American and foreign-born physicians were overrepresented in proportion to their prevalence in the US female population. Women physicians were more likely to be married and less likely to have never married and less likely to have never married or to be divorced or widowed than other US women. Younger physicians were more likely to be residency trained and board-certified and to work more hours per week than older physicians. Younger physicians were also less likely to be in solo practice, government work, or inactive; they tended to be concentrated in group or hospital-based practices. We found that although US women physicians have some common characteristics that differentiate them from other US women, their practice and other characteristics vary substantially by age and specialty in ways that have not previously been reported.