Uterine sarcoma: can it be differentiated from uterine leiomyoma with Doppler ultrasonography? A preliminary report.

Our objective was to evaluate whether intratumoral-blood flow analysis could differentiate uterine sarcoma from uterine leiomyoma. Color and pulsed Doppler findings obtained from 41 patients with histologically proven uterine leiomyoma and five with uterine sarcoma (four leiomyosarcoma, one mixed mesodermal tumor) were retrospectively assessed. Intratumoral blood flow velocity waveforms were recorded, and the resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were calculated. There was no significant difference between the RI (median 0.647; range 0.422-0.896) in the uterine leiomyomas and the RI (median 0.663; range 0.330-0.774) in the uterine sarcomas. The PSV (median 61.6 cm/s; range 40.0-124.0 cm/s) in the uterine sarcomas was significantly higher (median 21.6 cm/s, range 6.3-48.6 cm/s) than that in the uterine leiomyomas (p < 0.05). When a cut-off value for the PSV of 41.0 cm/s (mean PSV of the uterine leiomyomas plus 2 standard deviations) was considered, the detection rate for uterine sarcoma was 80.0%, and the false-positive rate was 2.4%. These results suggest that the PSV within the tumor detected by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography could be useful for the preoperative differential diagnosis of uterine sarcoma.